Btw, the picture was taken in Central Java, not Bali.
Yes, some people think it was only the Balinese that had topless women. Far from the truth. The Balinese were just some of the latest who started covering their breast and the was in the 1950s.
All across Indonesia women were mostly topless. Change came from region to region over many years. Religion had nothing to do with it except for a few prudish christian missionaries scattered about. The Kabaya, Indonesia's national attire was introduced by the Dutch. It was given to the higher social standing in Batavia for attending more formal functions. The first kabaya were lace and basically transparent. It spread from there, well, you know Indonesians and their image.
After the fall of Suharto the mass organizations who were led by Arab/Indonesians were set free to do as they please. It was then that they started their campaign to cover Indonesian women. They went about stating women must be covered and told the men they were bad Muslims if they allowed their wives, sisters, daughters, or female reletives to go uncovered. They would do all they could to embarrass women every chance they could find. My question has always been, if the men were good Muslims in the past when women were topless, why would they be bad Muslims when their head, shoulders, arms, or legs were shown? Nobody challenged that or they feared being labeled a bad Muslim. I remember reading that the Quran states what is to be covered and the Arabic word lost it's original translation over the years to now fit with what Islamic men want. The original translation was women should cover their "treasures". The history of Mohamed tells that his wives were not covered.
Indonesia went from respecting women for being women to sexualizing women from head to toe and losing all respect for women. Now boys seem to be taught that if they see skin of a shoulder, leg, or neck they have reason to be aroused because the woman must want you. Cases of family members raping young children with the excuse they seen their panties when they laid on the floor to watch tv is not totally uncommon. The excuse is freely given simply because there are other men who will accept it as a legitimate reason.
Now Islam in Indonesia doesn't seem to live to follow the Quran, only the Hadiths which were personal interpretations and personal ideas from men. Like circumcision, cutting of the nails, plucking out underarm and pubic hair. Of course, Muslims pick and choose which to follow. These are not addressed in the Quran. The very beginning of the Quran it does state the Allah created humans in perfect fashion and should not be changed in any way. Then, some guy comes along and states, except for some foreskin and there you go. Why, because in the history of Mohamed, it tells that he was born without a foreskin. So, his wives were uncovered and that now is taboo, being born without a foreskin is reason enough to go against Allah's order not to change what is perfect. No where in the Quran does it condemn being gay. It does condemn some acts that someone who is gay may partake in. But Islam condemns being gay all in.
I think that if Indonesian Muslims only followed what they swear is the word of Allah, the Quan, and not follow all the personal interpreting that followed sometimes hundreds of years after Mohamed and none from his actual time, it would be a different Indonesia. Indonesia should have tossed out all those educated in Arabia in the early days who wanted to bring in Arabic Islam. At least if the hijab still existed it would be more suited for the climate and come in Indonesian inspired patterns.