Seems you have to register your passport within 14 weeks of your trip...
From the Japanese Embassy (see below) , I understood that you can register anytime but at least 5 working days before your trip to Japan .
I think this option is a fairly recent thing.
According to the Japanese Embassy : "Visa Free with E-Passport Registration for Indonesian Citizens : Visa-Free Policy ... which had been discontinued and its validity suspended since March 27, 2020 as a preventive measure against the spread of Covid-19, ... restart from 11 October 2022" .
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From
https://www.id.emb-japan.go.jp/info22_17.html (Japan's Embassy in Indonesia)
Visa-Free with E-Passport Registration for Indonesian Citizens (translated by Google)
The Visa-Free Policy (validity period of 3 years) with the Pre-departure Registration System for Indonesian E-Passport holders ...
, the application procedure for Pre-departure Visa-Free Registration ... is as follows.
1. Subject of the Implementation of the Japan Visa-Free Entry Policy
Indonesian citizens who meet the following conditions can enter Japan with a Visa-Free Entry.
• Indonesian citizens who hold an Indonesian E-Passport that meets the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards (There is an IC logo on the passport cover)
• Indonesian citizens who hold the above E-passports who obtain proof of Visa-Free Registration from the Japanese Diplomatic Representative Office in Indonesia (Consulate General/Consular Office/Embassy of Japan through JVAC) before traveling to Japan.
• Purpose of entering Japan for a Temporary Visit (tourism, business, family/friends visit)
• Period of stay in Japan is 15 days or less.
2. Proof of Visa-Free Registration (Stickers)
For Indonesian citizens who have registered for an e-passport, proof of registration will be given by the Consulate General/Consular Office/Embassy of Japan, with the following provisions.
However, please note that the application for Visa-Free to the Japanese Embassy is made through the Japan Visa Application Center (JVAC).
• Purpose of trip: Temporary visit (tourism, business, family/friends visit)
• Period of stay: 15 days
• Validity: 3 years or until the passport expires (if the passport is less than 3 years old. Follow the shortest validity period.)
• Fee: Free (※There is an additional fee from JVAC)
•
Registration Process: 5 working days
3. Procedures for Pre-Departure Visa-Free Registration
(1) The applicant or the applicant's representative brings the e-passport and application form (attached form: PDF or DOCX) to the Consulate General/Consulate Office of Japan in Indonesia or JVAC for registration.
(2) The Consulate General/Consulate Office/JVAC will receive the application files, carry out the registration process, attach the Visa-free sticker, and return it to the applicant.
(3) E-passport holders who have received a Visa-free sticker can travel to Japan for a maximum stay of 15 days, multiple times until the sticker expires, without having to re-register for each trip.
(4) Visa-free applicants whose applications are not granted must apply for a Visa as usual.
4. Attention
(1) Indonesian citizens holding passports other than e-passports still need a VISA to enter Japan. The VISA-free only applies for visits of a maximum of 15 days, and if you plan to stay for more than 15 days, or intend to work in Japan, you must apply for a VISA by following the applicable regulations.
(2) If the E-passport holder, after receiving a visa-free sticker, replaces his/her passport or changes the name on his/her passport, he/she must re-register by following the applicable provisions.
(3) Please note the validity period of the visa-free registration, which is 3 (three) years or until the end of the passport validity period (if the passport validity period is less than 3 years). As in the following example:
A person with an e-passport registers for visa exemption on October 12, 2022.
a. If the person's e-passport is still valid, after October 12, 2025, he/she should re-register for visa exemption on October 13, 2025 or earlier.
b. If the person's e-passport has expired before October 12, 2025, he/she can apply for visa exemption registration by bringing his/her old e-passport and his/her new e-passport.
For e-passport owners who cannot include their old passport, they must attach a letter from an authorized institution explaining the reason when you apply for registration at the Japanese Consulate General/Japanese Consulate Office/JVAC.
(4) If after registering for visa exemption in Japan you make a new e-passport before the expiration of your old passport, please register for visa exemption as mentioned in example (b) above. Failure to re-register will result in you being unable to enter Japan.
(5) Indonesian citizens holding e-passports who enter Japan without prior VISA-free registration will be banned at Japanese airports. Therefore, this registration must be done before departure. In addition, there are times when airport immigration officers will ask questions related to the purpose of arrival in Japan, duration of stay, ask to show return tickets or tickets to other countries or other information required by airport immigration. From the results of the questions and answers by the immigration officers, it is possible that the person concerned will not be able to enter Japan.
(6) Like a visa to Japan, a Visa Waiver is a recommendation given to foreign citizens to be able to enter Japan and does not mean absolute permission or a guarantee to be able to enter Japan. The final decision to be able to enter Japan or not will be given by Japanese immigration upon landing in Japan.
