BPJS runs a significant deficit every year. In reality, the Indonesian government, meaning taxpayers are the main party subsidising the system. To some extent, high-income employees also help subsidising it, since their contributions are calculated as a percentage of their salary plus their employer’s share. However, these premiums are capped at about Rp600k per month and that include their family members who are not even working/paying insurance premium. The number of people who pay at this level is also relatively small compared with the large population that relies on this social services.Why do you think it's not legal? Another body paying monthly fees seems like a good idea. Of course some will use more than they pay but that is the rub with insurance.
Foreign workers, especially those employed by multinational companies usually have private health insurance paid for by their employers. Since they hardly use their BPJS kesehatan they effectively become another small group that helps subsidizing the BPJS system.
But still, if the system relied solely on insurance premiums like private health insurance, without substantial subsidies from the Indonesian government, it would collapse.
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